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chapter 12

The chapter starts off by saying that Columbus was a perpetrator of a genocide.  Before I read any further, I agree.  he killed so many native Americans.  Right after is also says that he was a slave trader, thief, and pirate.  This is also true.  Why do we still celebrate Columbus day?  On the contrary, his voyage was one of the most important ever.  Hunting and gathering were used by the paleolithic people and when the periods moved on, they strayed into the domestication of food.  The native Americans however still were hunting and gathering when the English arrived. The Chinese dynasties were still thriving economically during this time period.  Both Chinese and Europeans were launching maritime campaigns.   The Chinese stopped shortly after and facilitated the entry of the Europeans. The four Muslim empires would together make a great team!  The Aztec empire was very interesting, they sacrificed pe...

Chapter 11

Central asia celebrates a day of Mongolian pride.  The beginning of pastorl peoples started with the domestication of animal about 11,500 years ago.  pastoral people had the largest impact in the Afro-Eurasia contenant.  Since thier economy relied heavily on farming, they often had a small populous and lived far apart.  Woman were of a higher status, they had fewer restrictions.  There is evidance of this in writing "woman ride as skillfully as men".  The Mongols were the pastoral people tat made the largest impact on history.  Chinngis Khan brought together the communities and made a huge superpower.  The mongol millitary showed exeptional loyalty, which is partially why they were so powerful.  islamic persia was conquored Islamic Persia.  The first was China.  They had long distance commerce and promoted diplomatic relationships. 

chapter 10

Christianity has been a very rapidly growing religion in china and many other asian countries for the past centuries.  Western Europe is considered Christendom. Christianity gave a sense of commonality among the peoples of the asian countries.  After Muhammad's death in 632, only a few christian denominations remained in Arabia. Sadly after this some leaders made christians were certain clothes, or they destroyed the churches.  African Christianity also found themselves in turmoil.  The Byzantine empire was very powerful in 1200,  but shrank in 1453.  The eastern orthodox church played a role in almost every single Byzantine citizen's life.  They were more powerful than the ruler, so the ruler needed to please or do good according to the god.  The most important conversion happened in Russia.  The Slavic peoples of Russia were very diverse and this was a huuuuge success for the church.  Many inventions were defused at this time also....

chapter 8

China has and still is one of the most powerful nations.   Once the Han dynasty fell in 220 ce, it left china in political fragmentation.   China finally regained its unity under the Sui dynasty.   They helped solidify china by adding g about 1,200 miles in length to it.   The sui dynasty marked the “golden age” for china because arts, literature, setting standards, pottery, landscaping, painting and ceramics thrived.   They selected officials based on merit.   Gunpowder was made in china, which was and is super super important.   One really bad characteristic of china was that is was heavily a patriarchal society.   One example of this is foot binding.   Also, women were confined to the inside of the house.   The tribute system is very important.   Vietnam won its independence when they fought china under the rule of General Ngo Quyen.   This victory ended a 1000 year direct Chinese rule.   The battle was at B...

chapter 9

Afro-Eurasian connections: The mix of Christianity and islam is called "ChrisMus".  The catalyst for the birth of a new religion was the birth of Muhammad Ibn Abdullah.  He was born in Mecca.  He claimed to be a messenger of Allah and people believed him.  Right after the death of Muhammad, arab armies emerged. They did many tribal raids.   Converting to islam was more convenient than convocation, so many people made the switch.  In Persia from 750 to 900, about 80% of the population made a switch to a muslim religion. Sufus was the representation of Islam's mythical dimension and the personal experience of the divine. Men have more power because Alah has made men more powerful than woman.  I hate this religion. 

chapter 7

Commerce and culture: Exchanging goods between different civilizations (trading) has been a very prominent feature of history.  Trade helped diffuse ideas as well as get animals and crops to different areas across the world.  Taxing trade changed political life.  States were put in specific places so that they could tax and then use that "money" to keep the civilization strong.  Trade routs were very helpful in may ways, but they were also devastating.  Diseases travelled these routs along with the people which allowed diseases to spread very quickly to any place along the silk roads.  Diseases such as the black death traveled.  Woman made huge advancements to the silk industry.  Silk represented wealth in china because of how amazing the fabric was.  Government needed huge quantities of silk to trade for horses.  Culture also was transported along the silk roads.  Buddism was a voluntary switch that many people chose to make....

Chapter 6

The worlds population was very unevenly distributed from 500 BCE-1200 CE.  About 85% of the worlds population was in Eurasia.   The americas lacked domesticated animals and most of the animals were llamas and alpacas.  Africa lacked wild sheep, goats, chickens, horses, and camels, but since Africa was so close to Eurasia, it meant than once animals were domesticated, they could be moved to Africa.  Parts of Africa interacted with parts of Eurasia because of it's geographical location. Many civilizations in Africa grew because of the continents environmental variations. MeroĆ« is a nile valley civilization and I really like the characters used in its name.   They were governed by an all-powerful and sacred monarch.  It was held at least 10 times by women as well, which is really cool!  MeroĆ« was very wealthy and had a very powerful military.  They had iron weapons and cloth, as well as many other materials which amounted to great wealth....